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Aiming to assess the efficacy of a combined medical-surgical approach in the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma, the records of 7 patients (4 males, 3 females) who had been admitted to our hospital with this diagnosis between April 2000 and July 2003 were evaluated retrospectively. Four patients had combined medical-surgical treatment, 2 patients had only medical treatment and 1 patient had only surgical treatment. One patient who was on medical therapy died, but this patient also had problems in the application of this treatment. Based on our experience, we recommend surgical resection combined with postoperative antifungal therapy for the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. We also propose starting initially the medical therapy especially in patients with debility, and reduced pulmonary function. Medical therapy should be the only therapeutic approach if the patients have contraindications for surgery.